Mechanism of heat-clearing prescriptions in alleviating type 2 diabetes mellitus:a review / 中国中药杂志

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), a common chronic metabolic disease, is often accompanied by internal heat syndrome. Heat-clearing prescriptions are widely used to treat different heat syndromes of T2DM from the aspects of clearing stagnant heat, excess heat, damp heat, phlegm heat, and heat toxin, demonstrating remarkable effects. The mechanism of blood sugar-lowering agents has always been a hotspot of research. Recently, the basic studies of heat-clearing prescriptions from different perspectives have been increasing year by year. To clarify the mechanisms of heat-clearing prescriptions and find specific mechanisms, we systematically reviewed the basic studies of heat-clearing prescriptions commonly used for the treatment of T2DM in the past decade, intending to provide a reference for related research.

Anti-inflammatory effect, plasma effective components and therapeutic targets of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on ulcerative colitis mice / 中国中药杂志

This paper was to investigate the effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(HLJD) on ulcerative colitis(UC) in mice, and determine the effective components in plasma, and virtually screen its therapeutic target, and predict its mechanism. Sixty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, mesalazine treatment group(0.3 g·kg~(-1)), and HLJD treatment groups(24.66, 12.33, 6.17 g·kg~(-1)). Excepted for the blank group, all the mice in HLJD and mesalazine treatment groups were gavage administration. All mice freely drank 2.5% DSS solution for seven days to induce UC. The disease activity index(DAI) was detected each day. At the end of the experiment, HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in colon. The content of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colon were determined by ELISA. The effective components in plasma were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The reverse docking in PharmMapper was used to screen the component targets. The disease targets of UC were collected by searching TTD, OMIM and GeneCards databases. The intersection of the component targets and disease targets was selected as the therapeutic targets. Then the therapeutic targets were imported into the STRING for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Discovery Studio was used to simulate the docking between the components and the targets. RESULTS:: showed that the DAI in the model group increased significantly(P<0.05), and the number of inflammatory cells and infiltration degree increased significantly compared with the blank group. The DAI in HLJD treatment group was significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the number and infiltration degree of inflammatory cells were reduced compared with the model group. The ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased significantly in the model group(P<0.01) compared with the blank group, and significantly down regulated in the HLJD treatment group(P<0.05) compared with the model group. After UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analyse, ten components were identified. The network pharmacology analysis showed that the action targets were significantly enriched in 129 of biological processes, such as response to organic substance, chemical and oxygen-containing compound, etc., as well as 16 of signal pathways, such as IL-17, TNF and hepatitis B signal pathways, were enriched too. The results of molecular docking showed that limonin, palmatine and berberine could bind to CASP3 and MMP9 by hydrogen bond. In conclusion, HLJD could alleviate the colonic mucosal inflammatory infiltration and mucosal damage in UC mice. The mechanism may be related to the anti-inflammatory effect on UC mice by reducing the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colon through limonin, palmatine and berberine regulating IL-17 signal pathway and TNF signal pathway via CASP3 and MMP9 meditated.

Study on the Mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction Regulating Macrophage Polarization Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the mechanism of H uanglian jiedu decoction （HJD）regulating macrophage polarization in order to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism. METHODS ：The active components and predicted targets of HJD were screened through TCMSP and Swiss Target Prediction database ；the related targets of macrophage polarization were obtained by GeneCards and OMIM database ，and the network diagram of active ingredient-macrophage polarization target of HJD was drawn by using Cytoscape 3.6.0 software；protein interaction network was constructed by String database and core targets were extracted. Gene ontology（GO）enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG）pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by using Cytoscape 3.6.0 software and DAVID website. Combined with the results of network pharmacology analysis ， RAW264.7 macrophage cells were divided into blank control group ，model group ，simvastatin group （10 μmol/L）and serum containing HJD group （obtained from the blood after the rats were given HJD at the dose of 10 g/kg）. Except the blank control group and model group were added culture medium ， the other groups were added with 100 μ L of relevant drug solution or serum containing drug. After 2 h of culture ，except for the blank control group ，LPS solution （100 μg/L）was added to the other groups for 24 h to induce inflammation. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of AMPK. mRNA expression of M 1 type polarization factor （IL-1 β，iNOS）and M 2 type polarization factor （IL-10，Fizz1）were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS ：A total of 50 active components of HJD （such as acacetin ，wogonin，quercetin，β-sitosterol）were screened ， which could regulate macrophage polarization through 12 GO items （such as anoikis ，astrocyte activation ），and 20 KEGG pathways（such as estrogen signaling pathway ，bladder cancer pathway ，AMPK signaling pathway ）. The results of cell test showed that compared with blank control group ，the expression of AMPK protein ，Fizz1 and IL- 10 mRNA in model group were significantly decreased （P＜0.01），while the expression of IL- 1β and iNOS mRNA were significantly increased（P＜0.01）； compared with model group ，the expression of AMPK protein ，Fizz1 and IL- 10 mRNA in serum containing HJD group and simvastatin group were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while the expression of IL- 1β and iNOS mRNA were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：HJD can regulate macrophage polarization through multiple targets and pathways；it can up regulate the expression of M 2-type polarization factors and down-regulate the expression of M 1-type polarization factors through AMPK signaling pathway ，regulate macrophage polarization and play an anti-inflammatory role.

Potential molecular mechanisms of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in treatment of atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology / 中草药

Objective: To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) through pharmacology network. Methods: By identifying all the composition and effect targets of four herbal ingredients in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction from TCMSP platforms and literatures, and the pharmaceutical molecular-target network was constructed. The interaction network of drug-disease target by STRING platform was constructed by screening AS related targets through TTD, DrugBank and DisGeNET databases. The centre targets were analyzed by network topology. DAVID database was used to perform GO biological process analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of centre target proteins, and further construct a multi-dimensional network relationship diagram of the active component-AS target-KEGG pathway of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction. Results: A total of 71 active ingredients and 165 potential drug targets were obtained according to the screening conditions (OB ≥ 30%, DL ≥ 0.18) and accessing literatures. The main active ingredients in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction included sitosterol, quercetin, berberine, dehydrotanshinone IIA and neobaicalein, which could interfere with the formation of AS. A total of 175 disease targets were collected from the three disease databases under the search criteria of “atherosclerosis”. According to Degree, 223 centre target proteins of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were screened, mainly invovling NOS2, NOS3, PTGS2, TNF, CYP2C9 and HMOX1, et al. GO biological process analysis identified 50 entries based on false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05, mainly including SRP-dependent targeting membrane transporters, nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, viral transcription, rRNA processing, translation and other bioanalysis process. The result of KEGG enrichment analysis showed 74 pathways were associated with AS, mainly involved in ribosome pathway, viral carcinogenesis pathway, cell cycle pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, et al. Conclusion: Huanglian Jiedu Decoction can treat AS through multi-ingredient, multi-target and multi-pathway interaction, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction and the basic or clinical research of AS-related diseases. Meanwhile, it has a certain reference value for the research and development of new drugs and its application.

Prescription-syndrome relationship in traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology research progress of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in treatment of COVID-19 with severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient / 中草药

Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and local departments have released a number of diagnosis and treatment plans for COVID-19. One of the recommended prescriptions for severe stage treatment is Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, whose TCM syndrome is corresponding to the severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient in the COVID-19 protocol of Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial version 7). Huanglian Jiedu Decoction can be used in the treatment of syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient. Syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient is with consumption of nutrient yin of body fluid, pathogenic qi always triumphing over healthy qi, excessive noxious heat from qi and nutrient, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction has the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxicating. It can achieve the therapeutic purpose of nourishing yin and protecting yin by removing evil spirits. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Huanglian Jiedu Decoction has potential effects of anti-inflammatory and antipyretic, antiviral, antioxidant, regulating immunity and protecting viscera and tissues in the treatment of COVID-19 with severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient. In this paper, the pathogenesis evolution of COVID-19 with severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient, the relationship between prescriptions and syndromes of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction and its modern pharmacological effects was analyzed, so as to provide a basis for the effective treatment of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in COVID-19 with severe syndrome of dual blaze of qi and nutrient.

Pharmacodynamics of Huanglian Jiedu decoction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats and effect on improvement of inflammation microenvironment in brain / 中国中药杂志

To study the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients (alkaloids, iridoids and flavonoids) in Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats, and investigate its mechanism in treatment of AD. All of rats were divided into normal control group (=6), shame operation group (=6) and model group (=12). Rats in shame operation group received daily subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (D-gal 50 mg·kg⁻¹) for a total of 45 d to induce subacute aging model. Based on the operation of shame operation group, the rats in model group were given with an injection of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ (4.0 g·L⁻¹)-ibotenic acid (2.0 g·L⁻¹) into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. Then rats in model group were divided into HLJDD one day administration group (=6) and HLJDD one week group (=6). The plasma concentration of alkaloids, iridoid and flavonoids was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS) at different time points. The levels of seven inflammatory factors (MIP-2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α) in cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) were measured by Bio-Plex multi-factor detection technology. Iridoids in AD model rats, with high bioavailability, were easily absorbed and eliminated. The plasma concentration of alkaloid was lower, and the AUC (area under the curve) was higher in HLJDD one week group than that in HLJDD one day group. The plasma concentration-time curves of flavonoids showed obvious bimodal phenomena. After the gastric administration of HLJDD, the inflammatory factors in CSF of AD rats demonstrated a callback trend, including IL-1β/IL-10 (<0.05) with significant difference. The pharmacokinetic behaviors of iridoids, alkaloids and flavonoids (41 compounds) in AD model rats were fundamentally elucidated, and HLJDD can improve the central inflammatory status of AD rats by regulating the levels of inflammatory factors.

Potential mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction for treatment of hypertension based on network pharmacology / 中草药

Objective To study the mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) in the treatment of hypertension by using network pharmacology. Methods Chemical components and targets related to the four herbs of Chinese meteria medica in HJD were searched through the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) to construct the interaction network diagram of the target point of the compounds. The hypertension related targets were screened through OMIM, TTD, and PharmGkb databases; The interactive target of HJD and hypertension was constructed in PPI database; GO analysis of screened core targets between drug target and disease target was carried out using Davidv 6.8 database, and the related pathways of core targets were enriched using KEGG database. Results Using the oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30% and drug likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18 as screening condition for the compounds, combined with supplement literatures searched, 61 active components and 154 corresponding protein targets of HJD were screened out. A total of 118 enrichment results were obtained from 228 core targets of HJD in hypertension, including 59 biological processes, 31 molecular functions, and 28 cell compositions. The selected targets were enriched by KEGG database and 45 pathways playing an important role in hypertension were screen out. Conclusion The synergetic effect of HJD with multi-components and multi-pathway was confirmed by network pharmacology, and the main possible mechanism of HJD in treating hypertension was predicted, which lay a foundation for the identification of effective components, the mechanism of action, and clinical application.

Network pharmacology-based study on intervention mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu decoction in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease / 药学学报

This study was designed to explore the "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" intervention mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by pharmacological network technology, which may establish a foundation for drug development and innovative research. Seventeen active constituents of HLJDD with anti-AD activities were submitted to PharmMapper and Molecule Annotation System (MAS 3.0) bioinformatics softwares to predict the target proteins and carry out related KEGG pathways annotation respectively. The network of "active compound-target-pathway" was constructed and analyzed using the Cytoscape 3.4.0 software. The results suggest that 47 pathways are affected by the 17 active components through 59 target proteins, in which 4 target proteins are related to AD and 2 pathways related to neuroinflammation, respectively. The effect of HLJDD on AD may be dependent on clearing/reducing β-amyloid protein, inhibiting Tau hyperphosphorylation, anti-inflammation and immunoregulation.

Formation mechanism of precipitation in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction based on molecular thermodynamic characteristics / 中草药

Objective To explore all sources of precipitation, parameters of interaction and binding abilities of different Chinese materia medica (CMM) combinations during the formation process of the precipitation in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) using the thermodynamic method. The study was aim to reveal the mechanism of the formation of precipitation in CMM decoction. Methods First, the possible CMM combinations which had obvious precipitation phenomenon when combined were determined by the research on decomposed recipes. Then isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to determine the binding heat and thermodynamic parameters of binding reactions, thermodynamic parameters contents binding constant (Ka), dissociation constant (Kd), estimate of stoichiometric ratio (n), enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), these data were used to explain the differences in binding abilities between different CMM combinations. Results The original decomposed recipes experiment indicated the CMM combinations that could produce obvious precipitate when they were mixed were Scutellariae Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. Precipitation amount of Scutellariae Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma was the most. There was no precipitate in Scutellariae Radix-Gardeniae Fructus, Coptidis Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Coptidis Rhizoma-Gardeniae Fructus or Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex-Gardeniae Fructus. In ITC, the thermodynamic parameters of the three experience groups were the same, ΔH 0, ΔG |-TΔS|, indicating the three reactions were all enthalpy-driving reactions. The Ka of Scutellariae Radix decoction titrated Coptidis Rhizoma decoction was 1.283 × 104, Scutellariae Radix decoction titrated Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex deccotion was 4.680 × 103, Scutellariae Radix decoction titrated Gardeniae Fructus decoction was 1.973 × 103. The value decreased gradually. The binding heat of Scutellariae Radix and Gardeniae Fructus was much smaller than the binding heats of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. Conclusion During the formation process of the precipitation in HJD, the main source of acid-base complex-precipitation were Scutellariae Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex; Analysis of molecular thermodynamic indicates the binding energy of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma was larger than that of Scutellariae Radix and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, compared with them, the binding energy of Scutellariae Radix and Gardeniae Fructus is tiny.

Study on chemical constituents of self-settling from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction and effects on PC12 induced by CoCl2 / 中草药

Objective To optimize the preparation conditions of precipitation from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD). The main components of precipitation content were measured and the protective effect of compound precipitation on injured PC12 cell was evaluated. Methods The preparation process of precipitation was determined by time and water supply; Contents of baicalin, berberine, geniposide, palmatine, coptis, and wogonoside were determined by HPLC. The effect of HJD was evaluated and the precipitation on neurotoxic PC12 cells were injured by CoCl2 with CCK-8 assay. Results Under the condition (extracted by refluxing for 30 min using the amount of water which was 10 times of the quality of herbs), the quality of dry precipitation was about 10% of mass of the supernatant, and 81% of the precipitation were organic acids and alkaloids, baicalin was 42.12%, berberine was 31.17%, coptis was 5.89%, wogonoside was 1.50%, palmatine was 0.60%, and geniposide was not detected. EC50 of supernatant and precipitation on injured PC12 was 28.25 μg/mL and 19.58 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion The preparation process of precipitation is simple and reproducible, and this study reveals that the compound precipitation from HJD is mainly composed of acid-alkali complex. Compared with the supernatant, the compound precipitation shows better neuroprotective activity, and provides basic data for the secondary development of HJD.

Anti-atherosclerotic effect of a Chinese medicine, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, mediated by regulatory T cells / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To study the effect of a Chinese medicine, Huanglian Jiedu Decoction ( HLJDD) , on ath-erosclerotic plaque, inflammatory factors and regulatory T cells in ApoE-/- mice. Methods High fat diet was given to ApoE-/- mice to establish an atherosclerosis model. 40 male ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into five groups:model group, simvastatin group, low, moderate and high dose HLJDD groups (n =8). HLJDD was intragastrically administered in a dose of 3. 5, 7. 0, or 14. 0 g/( kg?bw) once dailg for 16 weeks. The dose of simvastatin was 5. 0 g/( kg?bw). An-other 8 male C57BL/6J mice were taken as control group. At the end of the 29-week experiment, all of the mice were sacri-ficed. The aortic plaques, level of blood lipids, inflammatory factors, Tregs number and the level of Foxp3 mRNA were de-tected and analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the aortic plaques were much larger in the model group, and the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-6, hs-CRP, and TNF-α were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 01 for all). Meanwhile, the levels of HDL-C, IL-10, TGF-βand Foxp3 mRNA were much lower than those in the control group ( P<0. 01 for all) , and the Tregs numbers were less than that in the control group (P<0. 01). HLJDD regulated the blood lipids in ApoE-/ - mice and decreased the levels of IL-6, hs-CRP, andTNF-α, however increased the levels of IL-10, TGF-β and Foxp3 mRNA. At the same time, it in-creased Tregs number in the ApoE-/ - mice. Compared with the model group, the difference was statistically significancet (P<0. 01). Conclusions HLJDD can significantly alleviate the aortic plaque damages in ApoE-/ - mice. It may be re-lated to the up-regulation of Tregs, which can lead to decrease the expression of serum pro-inflammatory factors such like IL-10, hs-CRP and TNF-α.

Clinical Research of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction for Intervention of Dyslipidemia / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction ( HJD) for the treatment of dyslipidemia, thus to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia with traditional Chinese medicine. Methods A total of 80 dyslipidemia patients were randomized into HJD group ( 50 cases) and simvastatin group ( 30 cases) . After treatment for 4 weeks, blood lipid levels, metabolic parameters and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were detected. Results (1) After treatment, HJD group and simvastatin group both had lower total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P0.05). ( 2) After treatment, uric acid was reduced in HJD group ( P0.05). The inter-group comparison showed that HJD had lower blood glucose level than simvastatin group, and the difference had statisticall significance ( P<0.05). ( 3) During the treatment, the patients showed good compliance, and had no obvious hepatic or renal damage. Conclusion HJD could reduce TC, TG and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol of dyslipidemia patients, the effect being similar to simvastatin. HJD could also significantly reduce uric acid of dyslipidemia patients, showing good safety.

Bioanalysis and pharmacokinetics of eight active components from huanglian jiedu decoction in rat plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS method / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To develop a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of wogonin, coptisine, berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, and wogonoside in rat plasma and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD). Methods: LC separation was performed on an Acquity HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water. The detection was accomplished by using positive electrospray ionization in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation. Results: The method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range (r2 > 0.99). The lower limits of quantification were 0.20 ng/mL for coptisine and phellodendrine, 0.48 ng/mL for berberine, 0.10 ng/mL for jatrorrhizine, 0.32 ng/mL for magnoflorine, 0.30 ng/mL for palmatine, and 4.80 ng/mL for wogonin and wogonoside, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision of the analytes was less than 12.11%, while the accuracy was between -14.46% and 4.86%. The mean recovery of all the analytes ranged from 93.10% to 110.91%. Conclusion: This validated method offers the advantages of high sensitivity. It is successfully applied to evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of HJD. © 2014 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

Effect of ethyl acetate extract from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on virulence factors of Candida albicans / 中草药

Objective: To observe the effects of ethyl acetate extract from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (EAHJD) on the virulence factors of Candida albicans. Methods: Egg-yolk medium, milk-plate medium, and olive oil emulsification were used respectively to test the activities of phospholipase (PL), aspartic protease (Sap), and lipase (Lip) of C. albicans. The water-hydrocarbon two-phase assay was applied to measure the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of C. albicans. qRT-PCR was adopted to observe the expression of virulence factors related genes. Results: EAHJD had no effect on the activity of PL. EAHJD (1 250 μg/mL) could significantly inhibit the activity of PL and Lip better than that by 312 μg/mL EAHJD. EAHJD could reduce CSH of C. albicans in a dose-independent manner and CSH1 was down-regulated by 7.69, 3.57, and 2.95 folds by 1 250, 312, and 78 μg/mL EAHJD, respectively. The expression of secretory enzyme related genes displayed different changing folds: PLC1, Sap2, Sap3, Sap9, Lip3, Lip4, and Lip6 were down-regulated; PLB1, PLC2, Sap1, Sap10, and Lip5 had no distinct change treated by EAHJD. Conclusion: EAHJD could inhibit the activities of virulence factors of C. albicans.

Composition change in extraction process of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction by fingerprint division total statistical moment method / 中草药

Objective: To establish a new analytical method of ingredients transformation during the Chinese material medica (CMM) compound extraction: chromatographic fingerprints division total quantum statistical moment (CFDTQSM) method. Methods: The expression was set up by CFDTQSM method in order to analyze the fingerprint information of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD), and to explain the ingredients transformation during the CMM compound extraction. Results: It has been concluded by studying the extracting solution of HJD that the ingredients were stabilized after decocting for 160 min. And compared with the extraction process of single herb, some ingredients are restrained in HJD, some are advanced and some new ingredients are produced. Conclusion: The CFDTQSM method could be used to the study on the ingredients transformation during the CMM compound extraction, and the study on extraction time.

Effect of active fraction from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on activation of astrocytes and expression of Cx43 in cerebral ischemic penumbra / 中草药

Objective: To observe the effect of water extract and active fractions from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) (total alkaloids, total favonoids, and total iridoids) on the activation of astrocytes and expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in ischemic penumbra of rats after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods: The rat model of middle cerebral artery ischemia was established using suture-occluded method. The male SD rats were randomly divided into Sham-operation, model, water extract of HJD (800 mg/kg), total alkaloids (44 mg/kg), total flavonoids (50 mg/kg), and total iridoids (80 mg/kg) groups. They were ig administered for continuous 7 d, once daily. The histopathologic changes of brain in rats were observed by HE staining. The expression of GFAP and Cx43 was detected by immunofluorescence assay and RT-PCR was used to detect the gene expression of Cx43. Results: In the model group, the number of neurons in ischemic penumbra of rats was significantly decreased and the expression of GFAP, Cx43, and Cx43 protein was obviously increased compared with Sham-operation group (P<0.01). The three active fractions from HJD (total alkaloids, total favonoids, and total iridoids) could increase the number of neurons in the ischemic penumbra of rats and decrease the expression of GFAP, Cx43, and Cx43 protein obviously compared with the model group (P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: The active fractions (total alkaloids, total favonoids, and total iridoids) could inhibit the over activation of astrocytes and the expression of Cx43, so as to protect the neurons in ischemic penumbra.

The stability study of Coptidis Rhizoma and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction / 中国药学杂志

RESULTS: Twenty-eight days later, the content of berberine hydrochloride in Coptidis Rhizoma Decoction in normal pressure Chinese materia Medica extractor group is from 0.066 9 to 0.065 5 mg��mL-1 and that in traditional decoction group is from 0.063 5 to 0.064 4 mg��mL-1. In Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (normal pressure Chinese materia medica extractor group and traditional decoction group), the content of jasminoidin is from 0.296 6 to 0.285 7 mg��mL-1 and from 0.275 0 to 0.261 2 mg��mL-1, baicalin decreased from 0.275 7 to 0.199 0 mg��mL-1 and from 0.219 4 to 0.162 4 mg��mL-1, berberine hydrochloride decreased from 0.026 2 to 0.005 0 mg��mL-1 and from 0.014 0 to 0.005 8 mg��mL-1, respectively. The result of pH determination of Coptidis Rhizoma and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction showed there is no difference during 1 month.

Effects of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on Blood Glucose, Abdominal Aortic Morphology and HIF-1α in Type 2 Diabetic Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe effects of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), abdominal aortic morphology and expression of HIF-1α in the abdominal aorta in rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods The rat model of type 2 diabetes was established by intravenous injection of streptozotocin and feeding with high sugar and high fat diet. Rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, control group and treatment group. The blank group and model group were given normal saline by gavage, the control group was given metformin, and the treatment group was given Huanglian Jiedu Decoction. Six weeks later, the levels of FBG and FINS were determined. Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of HIF-1α in abdominal aorta and HE staining method to observe the changes of abdominal aortic morphology. Results Compared with model group and control group, abdominal aorta of HIF-1α and FBG level of treatment group were significantly decreased (P <0.01), FINS significantly increased (P <0.01), and abdominal aortic endothelial cell injury was significantly improved. Conclusion Huanglian Jiedu Decoction has a protective effect on the injury of vascular endothelium, and its mechanism may be related with inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α.

Influence of 70% ethanol extract from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on expression of S180 tumor cell apoptosis factor in MDR model mice / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To observe the effect of 70% ethanol extract from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on expression of S180 tumor cell apoptosis factor in MDR model mice, and to research the molecule biology base fot directing clinic. Methods: simulate Clinic PFC project was simulated, the mice model of multi-drug resistance of S180 tumour cell was established. 70% Ethanol extract from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction were given for 10 days. The flow cytometry was used to observe Fas, Trail, CD54.,et al. Resluts: 70% Ethanol extract from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction can increase expression rate of Fas, Trail and improve apoptosis of S180 cell, at the same time it can decrease expression of CD54.Conclusions: 70% Ethanol extract from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction improve high level expression of apoptosis factor, and it maybe one of pass reverse multi-drug resistance of tumour.

Effect of Guizhi Decoction on cardiac muscular collagen reconstruction in spontaneous diabetes rats / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:This study was to study effect of keeping ying and weiqi in balance on cardiac muscular collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ,angiotensinⅡ in spontaneous diabetes rats,and provide new thoughts for prevention and treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy.Methods:40 spontaneous diabetes rats were divided into four groups at random:spontaneous diabetes control group,diformin group,Guizhi Decoction group and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group.Except control group,each group was given intragastric administration for 12weeks.Blood glucose,collagenⅠ,collagen Ⅲ,collagenⅠ/collagen Ⅲ,angiotensin Ⅱ were determined.Euzymelinked immunosorbent assay and radio-immuniy method were used.Results:Blood glucose in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group and diformin group decreased;Compared respectively with diformin group and control group,collagenⅠdecreased obviously and collagen Ⅲ increased signifi cantly in Guizhi Decoction group,and the collagenⅠ/collagen Ⅲ decreased.Compared with diformin group and control group,cardiac muscular homogenate AT-Ⅱ contents decreased in both of Guizhi Decoction group and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group.Conclusion:Guizhi Decoction can decrease the content of collagen Ⅰ,AT-Ⅱ and collagenⅠ/collagen Ⅲin cardiac muscular,and increase content of collagen Ⅲ,then prevent and treat cardiac muscular collagen reconstruction and myocardial fibrosis.Huanglian Jiedu Decoction can decrease the content of AT-Ⅱ,and decrease collagenⅠ/ collagen Ⅲ,collagenⅠ slightly,and can improve cardiac muscular collagen reconstruction.Keeping ying and weiqi in balance is a new thought for prevention and treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy.